Highlights This study presents a meta-analysis of treatments for the pathogen Varroa destructor. Data was drawn from 138 studies, carried out in 30 countries on 5 continents. Synthetic chemical treatments were effective against the pathogen, but harmed bees. Biological treatments showed promise in improving bee health, but with a small sample. Organic chemical treatments currently…
Pollen is a source of protein, lipids, vitamins and minerals for bees and other flower-visiting insects. The composition of macro- and micronutrients of pollen vary among different plant species. Honey bees are long-distance foragers, collecting nectar and pollen from plants within several kilometers of their hive. Availability of pollen within the foraging range of honey…
The mite Varroa destructor is widely acknowledged as the most destructive threat to honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies on a global scale. Varroa mite infestations in bee colonies are intricately linked with viral infections, collaboratively leading to diminished bee populations and accelerated colony losses. Extensive research has firmly established the correlation between varroa mites and…