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Beyond the urgency: pesticide Emergency Authorisations’ exposure, toxicity, and risk for humans, bees, and the environment

The global challenge to increase agricultural production goes along with the need of decreasing pesticide risks. The European Union (EU) therefore evaluates and controls the risks posed by pesticides by regulating their authorisation through the science-based Risk Assessment process. Member States can however act in derogation to this process and grant the Emergency Authorisation (EA)…

Application of a robust MALDI mass spectrometry approach for bee pollen investigation

Pollen collected by pollinators can be used as a marker of the foraging behavior as well as indicate the botanical species present in each environment. Pollen intake is essential for pollinators’ health and survival. During the foraging activity, some pollinators, such as honeybees, manipulate the collected pollen mixing it with salivary secretions and nectar (corbicular…

A Protocol for Monitoring Populations of Free-Living Western Honey Bees in Temperate Regions

Despite their ecological significance, wild Apis mellifera populations remain critically understudied. Addressing this research gap requires the study and monitoring of free-living colonies to identify potential self-sustaining populations. However, a lack of standardized methodologies has hindered these efforts. To address this challenge, Honey Bee Watch, an international coalition dedicated to studying free-living honey bees, has developed a…

Phytochemical profiles of honey bees (Apis mellifera) and their larvae differ from the composition of their pollen diet

Pollen and nectar consumed by honey bees contain plantsecondary metabolites (PSMs) with vital roles in plant–insect interactions. While PSMs can be toxic to bees, theycan also be health-promoting, e.g. by improving pesticideand pathogen tolerances. As xenobiotics, PSMs undergopost-ingestion chemical modifications that can affect theirbioactivity and transmission to the brood. Despite theimportance of understanding honey bee…

An approach to protected designation of origin (PDO) for bee honey utilizing the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)

A methodology designed to monitor vegetation changes over multiple years in the vicinity of an apiary is presented. This approach relies on the utilization of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The findings of the analysis substantiate the viability of effectively tracking vegetation changes in a cost-efficient manner, thereby facilitating the determination of suitable geographical…

Exploring bee venom and silver nanoparticles for controlling foulbrood pathogen and enhancing lifespan of honeybees

The beekeeping industry plays a crucial role in local economies, contributing significantly to their growth. However, bee colonies often face the threat of American foulbrood (AFB), a dangerous disease caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Paenibacillus larvae (P. l.). While the antibiotic Tylosin has been suggested as a treatment, its bacterial resistance necessitates the search for…

Bee-Inspired Healing: Apitherapy in Veterinary Medicine for Maintenance and Improvement Animal Health and Well-Being

This review aims to present current knowledge on the effects of honey bee products on animals based on in vivo studies, focusing on their application in clinical veterinary practice. Honey’s best-proven effectiveness is in treating wounds, including those infected with antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, as evidenced in horses, cats, dogs, mice, and rats. Propolis manifested a healing…